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α1-Antitrypsin and antichymotrypsin in human milk:origin,concentrations,and stability
α1-Antitrypsin antichymotrypsin human milk milk proteins mammary gland infant digestion breast milk protease inhibitors breast-feeding
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2016/12/19
Background: The protease inhibitors α1-antitrypsin and antichymotrypsin are present in human milk, but little is known about their roles in protein digestion during infancy. It has been hypothesi...
Concentration and distribution of sialic acid in human milk and infant formulas
Sialic acid oligosaccharides glycoprotein
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2016/6/14
In animal studies, sialic acid supplementation is
associated with increases of gangliosides in the brain and
improved learning ability. Only limited data are available on the
sialic acid content of...
Effects of weekly administration of pegylated recombinant human OB protein on appetite profile and energy metabolism in obese men
Obesity leptin OB protein
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2016/6/14
Results of leptin administration in mice, rats, and
humans provide a rationale for therapeutic augmentation of circulating
leptin (OB protein) concentrations in obese humans;
this may reduce food i...
Contribution of dietary and newly formed arachidonic acid to human milk lipids in women eating a low-fat diet
Human milk linoleic acid arachidonic acid
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2016/6/14
Polyunsaturated fatty acids in milk are derived
from direct intestinal absorption, endogenous synthesis, or maternal
body stores. Arachidonic acid (AA) intake is frequently low
in undernourished wo...
Vitamin E in fortified cow milk uniquely enriches human plasma lipoproteins
HDL high-density lipoproteins LDL
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2016/6/14
We measured plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and tocopherol
and LDL oxidation in normolipemic adults. In experiment 1
(n = 48), we compared delivery of 100 mg all-rac--tocopheryl
acetate/d in capsules,...
Glutamine: commercially essential or conditionally essential? A critical appraisal of the human data
critical appraisal human data
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2016/6/14
Glutamine is a nonessential amino acid that
can be synthesized from glutamate and glutamic acid by glutamate–ammonia
ligase. Glutamine is an important fuel source for
the small intestine. It was pr...
Probiotics in human disease
Atopy diarrhea food allergy
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2016/6/14
Western civilization is facing a progressive
increase in immune-mediated, gut-related health problems, such
as allergies and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, and
genetic factors are an unlikel...
Purification and quantification of lactoperoxidase in human milk with use of immunoadsorbents with antibodies against recombinant human lactoperoxidase
Lactoperoxidase myeloperoxidase SDS-PAGE
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2016/6/13
Two heme-containing peroxidases, secretory lactoperoxidase
and leukocyte-derived myeloperoxidase, which play
host defense roles through antimicrobial activity, were previously
identified in human c...
Effect of plasma metabolites of (+)-catechin and quercetin on monocyte adhesion to human aortic endothelial cells
endothelial cell reactive oxygen species rats
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2016/6/13
Flavonoids may exert their health benefit in cardiovascular
disease by modulating monocyte adhesion in the
inflammatory process of atherosclerosis. Most in vitro studies
used forms of flavonoids pr...
Effects of isoenergetic high-carbohydrate compared with high-fat diets on human cholesterol synthesis and expression of key regulatory genes of cholesterol metabolism
glucose tolerance high-carbohydrate diet stable isotopes
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2016/6/13
High-carbohydrate diets improve plasma cholesterol
concentrations but increase triacylglycerol concentrations;
the latter effect increases the risk of cardiovascular disease
(CVD). Triacylglycerol ...
Occasional physical inactivity combined with a high-fat diet may be important in the development and maintenance of obesity in human subjects
Obesity energy metabolism energy balance
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2016/6/13
A better understanding of the environmental factors
that contribute to obesity is imperative if any therapeutic
effect on the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in
the United States is...
Infant weight at birth, a major determinant of short- and longterm
health, is influenced by genetic factors, maternal body size,
and intrauterine substrate supply and metabolism (1). Two articles
i...
The importance of clinical research: the role of thermogenesis in human obesity
Energy metabolism doubly labeled water stable isotopes
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2016/6/12
The hypothesis that human obesity is caused by
deficient thermogenesis has been proposed by many investigators
throughout the 20th century. Supporting evidence was obtained
from epidemiologic studi...
In vitro selection criteria for probiotic bacteria of human origin: correlation with in vivo findings
Probiotics lactic acid bacteria
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2016/6/12
The enteric flora comprises 95% of the total
number of cells in the human body and can elicit immune
responses while protecting against microbial pathogens. However,
the resident bacterial flora of...
Comparison of the effect of dietary fat restriction with that of energy restriction on human lipid metabolism
Energy restriction fat cholesterol
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2016/6/12
Dietary fat and energy have been implicated as
factors controlling circulating total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations.
Whether these factors work independently or synergistically
in regulating hu...